The growth of a population continues indefinitely. Assumes no resource limitation. Can be described by: change in number of individuals ( dN ) change in time ( dt ) ( r ): the ' per capita rate of increase ', how many offspring per individual in the population Population Dynamics Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere Where Are We?

• Population Dynamics Study Guide

Ecology is the study of organism interactions with each other and the environment. Ecological processes occur at multiple levels of organization on Earth. Each level of organization emerges from the processes of the level below it Big Questions: Make Sure You Can How Populations Grow Theory Reality Human Population Growth All members of a species in a contiguous area. Populations are dynamic. Organisms enter a population in 2 ways: Birth Immigration Organisms leave a population in 2 ways: Death Emigration Model 1: Exponential Growth Model 2: Logistic Growth As long as (r) is a positive value, a population will continue to increase at an exponential rate. Higher (r) values will lead to faster rates of increase. If (r) is 0, the population will not increase or decrease.

If (r) is negative, the population will decrease. The growth of a population decreases as the population approaches the ' carrying capacity ' ( K ) of the environment. Models resource limitations. The effect of (K) on (r) becomes greater as (N) approaches (K) How are real populations structured? How do real populations grow? How does evolution effect life history traits?

Population Dynamics Study Guide

How does the environment affect population growth? Measuring Population Size Population Distribution Population Demographics It can be difficult to estimate population size accurately. ' Mark-Recapture ': 1 common method Capture and mark members of the population. Release them. Recapture members of the population. Number of marked individuals Recaptured marked individuals = Total population size Total recaptured individuals Individuals tend to be distributed in three major patterns: Clumped Uniform Random Demographics: The study of a population's vital statistics and how they change over time. Demographic Data can be arranged in tables (e.g.

Life tables, reproductive tables ), or graphs (e.g. Survivorship curves ). There are 3 major types of survivorship curves demonstrated in real populations: Exponential Growth Typically occurs in small populations, well below the carrying capacity of the environment. Logistic Growth Much more common. Typically populations oscillate around the carrying capacity.

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Life History Traits: Any trait that affects an organism's life table. Costs and benefits of all adaptations. Reproductive strategies Parental Care Semelparity: Produce a lot of offspring, once.

Iteroparity: Produce a few offspring, repeatedly Number of babies varies inversely with amount of parental care R-Selected vs.